How Are Strong & Weak Acids Different | Acids, Bases & Alkali's | Chemistry | FuseSchool

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Category: Chemistry Basics

Tags: acidschemistrydissociationpHsolutions

Entities: Carbonic acidCitric acidEthanoic acidHydrochloric acidNitric acidPh scaleSulfuric acidTannic acid

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Summary

    Introduction to Acids
    • Acids come from the Latin word 'acer' meaning sour, found in foods like lemons and vinegar.
    • Strong acids are used in labs and industry, such as sulfuric acid in car batteries.
    Strong vs. Weak Acids
    • Strong acids dissociate completely into ions, while weak acids remain mostly as molecules.
    • Examples of strong acids include sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids.
    • Weak acids, like vinegar, are often organic and remain largely undissociated.
    pH and Concentration
    • pH measures hydrogen ion concentration; each pH unit change represents a tenfold change in ion concentration.
    • Strong acids can be diluted but remain strong due to complete dissociation.
    • Weak acids may have high concentration but low ionization, affecting their pH.
    Practical Examples and Tests
    • Vinegar (acetic acid) and carbonic acid are common weak acids.
    • In a test, solutions can be identified as strong or weak based on dissociation and concentration.
    Actionable Takeaways
    • Understand the difference between strong and weak acids based on ionization.
    • Recognize the role of pH in determining acid strength and concentration.
    • Identify common acids in everyday life and their properties.
    • Strong acids dissociate completely, affecting their pH and usage.
    • Weak acids can be concentrated yet remain largely undissociated.

    Transcript

    00:00

    In this video you're going to discover more about strong and weak acids

    00:17

    And what makes them this way? The word acid comes from the Latin word a ser meaning sour and you may have eaten some of them today lemons Contain Citric acid and makes the Flavor of others seem less acidic tea contains tannic acid vinegar

    00:36

    Ethanoic or acetic acid and Fizzy drinks carbonic acid In contrast strong acids are often used in school science labs for experimentation But they have important uses in industry and the everyday world [sulfuric] acid for example is found in car batteries

    00:52

    But industry uses 200 million tons annually for the chemical industry hydrochloric acid found in your stomach and nitric acid are also examples of strong acids We have established in our video What makes something acidic [that] acids react with water to Produce hydrogen ions or more strictly speaking?

    01:14

    Hydroxo Nia my arms strong acids like the three mentioned above Dissociate 100 percent into their ions like this Most acids are weak and remain largely as molecules in solution ie they do not ionize very much note

    01:31

    The equilibrium arrow here As its can be identified by using full range indicator from naught [to] [seven] on the Ph scale Ph is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions for example at Ph [zero]

    01:47

    There is one mole of hydrogen ions per liter At Ph [1] just [1/10] of a mole of hydrogen ions per liter Each increase of one unit of Ph is a Tenfold reduction in Hydrogen Ion [concentration]

    02:03

    So [when] you reach ph 7 there are only 10 to the power negative 7 or Zero point zero zero zero zero zero zero one mole of hydrogen ions per liter Here there are also an equal [number] of hydroxyl ions, and we have arrived at pure neutral water

    02:24

    If you dissolve one mole [of] a strong acid [like] HCL in water to make one liter of solution it dissociates completely into ions So you also get one mole per [liter] of hydrogen ions and a ph of zero to get a solution of for example?

    02:41

    ph, [four] you need to dilute this with 10,000 times its volume of water. We still have a strong acid, but it is very dilute however, if you dissolve one mole [of] a weak acid like ethanoic acid also called acetic acid to make one liter of solution

    03:00

    It remains mostly undissociated Molecules, that's why it smells the molecules can easily move into the air Let's say the acid is only 0.01 percent Dissociated so only one molecule in [ten] [thousand] are split into ions

    03:18

    Although the concentration of the acid [is] 1 mole per [liter] the concentration of hydrogen ions is only 0.0001 moles per liter that is 10 to the power negative for Making the Ph 4 so here is an example of a fairly

    03:35

    Concentrated acid which is weak Here are two common weak acids vinegar and carbonic acid Vinegar is also known as acetic acid or ethanoic acid Ethanoic acid reacts with water to produce [Hydroxo] [neem] ions and Ethanoate ions

    03:57

    strong acids however are totally dissociated into their ions which is indicated by the non reversible arrow in the example shown for hydrochloric acid and water Little test to summarize here are the four pictures that you saw earlier of some acids dissolved in water can you say which to show?

    04:17

    concentrated solutions and which to show dilute solutions and Can you say which to represent a strong acid and which to represent a weak acid pause and think? The answer a is both concentrated and fully dissociated so strong

    04:37

    B is also concentrated, but not fully dissociated so weak C is Dilute but strong because it is fully dissociated and D is dilute and weak?

    04:53

    Most acids are commonly occurring organic acids such as you find in lemons or vinegar Which are all weak so remain mostly as molecules and often have a smell there are only a few strong acids mostly non metal oxides dissolved in water like sulfuric and nitric acids

    05:10

    But there's also hydrochloric acid found in your stomach to aid digestion